Jan-2023 Get Totally Free Updates on ASCP-MLT Dumps PDF Questions [Q238-Q260]

NO.238 Increased concentrations of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in adults are MOST characteristically associated with:

NO.239 Rule-out is a process by which antibodies are identified as being unlikely in a given sample because of the absence of an expected antigen-antibody reaction. In other words, the absence of a reaction is noted with a cell that is positive for the corresponding antigen.
Although rule-out procedures may vary somewhat from institution to institution, the following general principles apply:
Non-reactive cells are selected for rule-out. To be classified as non-reactive, a cell must NOT have reacted at any phase of testing in a given panel or screen.
Using the logic that if the rule-out cell is positive for a given antigen, it should have reacted with the corresponding antibody, you can rule-out antibodies that correspond to antigen positive cells.
To increase the probability that rule-out will not mistakenly eliminate a weakly-reacting antibody that exhibits dosage*, use only cells that are homozygous for the corresponding antigen for those systems that generally show dosage. Generally these include: C, c, E, e, Fya, Fyb, Jka, Jkb, M, N, S, and s.
In this case, it is only possible to rule out on screening cell 2 since it demonstrates a negative reaction with the patient serum. Anti-C cannot be ruled out since the C antigen is heterozygous on screening cell 2 with c.
Anti-Fya cannot be ruled out since this antigen is not present on screening cell 2. Anti-M and anti-Jka can be ruled out since the antigens are homozyous while demonstrating a negative reaction on screening cell 2.
Rule-out, while very useful, can lead to error. Ruling out an antibody should be combined with other supporting data to increase confidence in the solution; the more data collected, the higher the probability that the final solution is correct.
*Dosage means that there are two “doses” of the same antigen present on the red cells . Antibodies that exhibit dosage react more strongly with homozygous cells (e.g., Jka Jka) than with heterozygous cells (e.g., Jka Jkb) .
Based on the phenotype of the RBC screening cells, and patient results shown on the right, which of the following antibodies CANNOT be ruled out?

NO.240 Mrs. Jones, a diabetic, is admitted to the hospital on November 25th. It appears that she has had an AMI but did not feel the severe chest pain because of diabetic neuropathy. She has not felt well since November 20th and her physician believes she possibly had an AMI on November 20th.
Assuming that the infarct was uncomplicated, which of the following cardiac biomarkers would most likely still be elevated and would assist in an AMI diagnosis?

NO.241 The cell depicted with the arrow in this image is an atypical (reactive) lymphocyte. These cells are common found in certain viral infections, especially infectious mononucleosis. Notice the larger size and abundant cytoplasm present in this lymphocyte. There is also apparent vacuoliation which is a key feature of atypical lymphocytes. The chromatin pattern of this cell as well as the overall shape, color and size rules out the monocyte, macrophage, and mesothelial cell choices.

A patient with an infectious mononucleosis infection presents in the emergency room. Physicians order a spinal tap which is immediately sent to the laboratory for review. Please identify the cell in the image below from this patient’s cerebrospinal fluid sample.

NO.242 Blood Bank
What other component(s) can be shipped together with Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP)?

NO.243 When an antigen comes in contact with the skin, the antigen is processed by cells in the epidermis and come in contact with T lymphocytes. T lymphocytes recognize the antigen as foreign and circulate through the bloodstream back to the epidermis and produce an inflammatory response to eliminate the antigen, but this immune response can produce a characteristic rash in the skin called contact dermititis.
Contact dermatitis is mediated by:

NO.244 In primary responses, the major class of antibody produced is IgM whereas in the secondary response, as mentioned in this question, it is IgG. IgG is present in the highest quantities compared to all other antibody classes and is the only antibody able to cross the placental barrier.
Which of the following antibody types is chiefly seen in the secondary immune response:

NO.245 Provide the equivalent measurement for one pint.

NO.246 RAST tests, or Radioallergosorbent tests, are used to screen for an allergy to a specific substance or substances if a person presents with allergy-like symptoms.
The assay which is most helpful in identifying specific allergens is:

NO.247 In Rouleaux, red blood cells appear as stacked coins – formation occurs as the result of elevated globulins or fibrinogen.
The RBCs indicated by the arrows in this illustration are the result of:

NO.248 Confirmed cases of H1N1 virus have been reported more often in children and younger adults than in any other age group.
Micro
The age groups that have been most affected by the H1N1 virus are children and younger adults.

NO.249 Neutrophils reside in the peripheral circulation for only 7-8 hours ( approx. 7.5 hours) before entering the tissues and body cavities. This process is called diapedesis.
Hematology
How long are healthy neutrophils expected to reside in the peripheral blood of an adult?

NO.250 On the red cell membrane, there is a bicarbonate / chloride exchanger. This exchanger allows for bicarbonate to leave the red cells while chloride is allowed inside.
In blood, bicarbonate leaves the red blood cell and enters the plasma through an exchange mechanism with:

NO.251 Because of the difficulty in culturing Epstein-Barr virus, and readily available heterophile antibody test and serology, it is rarely necessary to culture this virus in routine clinical practice.
Micro
Which one of the following viruses requires a complex lymphoblastoid cell culture, and is rarely if ever diagnosed by culture:

NO.252 This antibody is found in the serum of Le(a-b-) secretors.
Which one of these Lewis blood group system phenotypes usually produces anti-Lea?

NO.253 Following an accidental needlestick, the person should be tested for all of the following except:

NO.254 Provide the equivalent measurement for 75 milligrams.
Question options:

NO.255 Parathyroid hormone regulates serum calcium by acting on bone, kidney, and intestines while regulating phosphate by stimulating the intestines and the kidneys, enhancing absorption and reabsorption respectively.
Chem
The parathyroid hormone is important in the regulation of:

NO.256 Secondary granules, also known as specific granules first appear in the myelocyte stage next to the nucleus. In neutrophils this is termed the “dawn of neutrophilia”.
What is one of the main characteristics of secondary granules in the neutrophilic granulocyte cytoplasm?

NO.257 The cells are plasma cells. They are larger than normal small lymphocytes with more abundant cytoplasm. The cytoplasm is more basophilic than the cytoplasm of a normal lymphocyte and a well-defined perinuclear halo (clearing in the golgi area) is noticeable. The nucleus is eccentrically placed. Plasma cells are counted in a separate category on a bone marrow differential.

Hematogones are blast-like cells that are more mature than lymphoblasts. They are usually tallied with lymphocytes when performing a bone marrow differential.
What are the cells that are indicated by the red arrows in the image on the right?

NO.258 The body of a tapeworm is composed of successive segments known as proglottids. Each mature proglottid has both male and female reproductive structures.
What is the anatomical feature of a tapeworm that possesses both male and female reproductive structures?

NO.259 Hematology
What is Coombs sera comprised of:

NO.260 Caffeine benzoate solution is used to split the unconjugated bilirubin protein complex releasing the bilirubin so that it can react with diazotised sulphanilic acid. The tartrate buffer creates an alkaline solution and converts the red acid bilirubin to a green coloured compound which can be measured spectrophotometrically.
Which substance is used in the Jendrassik-Grof method to accelerate the reaction of unconjugated bilirubin with the diazo reagent?